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The EU enlargement in the Western Balkans: new challenges after the war Policy Papers & Analyses

The EU enlargement in the Western Balkans: new challenges after the war

Introduction The large-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia since February 2022 has radically transformed the international political environment and internal balances within the European Union and, predictably, has also affected relations with the Western Balkans. The process of European integration of the six countries in the region (Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina,…
Léo Portal
2023-08-31
Ursula von der Leyen
The Global Gateway (Part 2): is it failing its objectives? Policy Papers & Analyses

The Global Gateway (Part 2): is it failing its objectives?

You can find part 1 here. The European Union's response to China's global trade and infrastructure programmes is now materialising. Europe's major Global Gateway initiatives aim to provide developing nations with an alternative to China's Belt and Road Initiative, which projects Beijing's clout along critical trade routes through port improvements,…
Léo Portal
2023-07-31
Global Gateway Ursula von der Leyen
The Global Gateway (Part 1): a European response to the Belt and Road Policy Papers & Analyses

The Global Gateway (Part 1): a European response to the Belt and Road

The Global Gateway is a new European strategy that was introduced by the European Commission and the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy on December 1, 2021. Its goal is to strengthen global health, education, and research systems while advancing smart, clean, and secure energy, digital, and transportation…
Léo Portal
2023-06-30
Croatian National Bank
Croatia and the Euro (Part 1): why did the country adopt the common currency? Policy Papers & Analyses

Croatia and the Euro (Part 1): why did the country adopt the common currency?

Despite challenging experiences with the Euro’s governance, particularly during the financial crisis, the rules for joining the monetary union have remained essentially unchanged since their inception, and Croatia has followed the path into the Eurozone as set out in the Maastricht Treaty. Croatia is the 20th country to decide to…
Andrea Bogoni
2023-06-03
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Turkey and Eastern Europe: an opportunity for economical development Policy Papers & Analyses

Turkey and Eastern Europe: an opportunity for economical development

Turkey's foreign policy agenda has been shaped for decades by the political arrangements of the Cold War. Turkey's unmistakable orientation towards the West is not a temporary phenomenon. It is a tradition that dates back to the 1920s, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, initiated…
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